Advanced Life Support References

Abuelazm MT, Ghanem A, Katamesh BE, et al. Defibrillation strategies for refractory ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. Sep 2023;28(5):e13075. doi:10.1111/anec.13075

Aicua Rapun I, Novy J, Solari D, Oddo M, Rossetti AO. Early Lance-Adams syndrome after cardiac arrest: prevalence, time to return to awareness, and outcome in a large cohort. Resuscitation. 2017;115:169-172.

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation. Cardiac arrest secondary to hyperthermia. American Red Cross. Updated June 2022. Accessed October 1, 2022. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000xbcO/fiXlBOC4yOUzzlKF0UMLbDBi_zMbRVZgJG6NYqOrpOE

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation. Double Sequential External Defibrillation for Refractory Shockable Rhythm. American Red Cross. 2023

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: Targeted temperature management. American Red Cross. Accessed August 30, 2021. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000001Ropl/inwj2VYqjbiuLM9LI48XcSZp_Z75J9Sfj8VDMxWlAmE

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation. Traumatic brain injury osmotic agents. American Red Cross. Updated June 2022. Accessed October 1, 2022. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000xQot/suacrg0bfRsd3sV5B22bkNAwB7MtQTrTGNw6jMIJ254 

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation. Vasopressin and steroids for in-hospital cardiac arrest. American Red Cross. Accessed December 3, 2021. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000tbUr/OVFRCCLF2i78jilyIgFOlMgjWEi0IiDolsvy.ftscnc

Andersen LW, Isbye D, Kjærgaard J, et al. Effect of vasopressin and methylprednisolone vs placebo on return of spontaneous circulation in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;326(16):1586-1594. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16628

Avni T, Lador A, Lev S, Leibovici L, Paul M, Grossman A. Vasopressors for the treatment of septic shock: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoSOne. 2015;10(8):e0129305. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129305

Barcala-Furelos R, Fernández-Méndez M, Cano-Noguera F, Otero-Agra M, Morán-Navarro R, Martínez-Isasi S. Measuring the physiological impact of extreme heat on lifeguards during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: randomized simulation study. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(10):2019-2027. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.042

Belohlavek J, Smalcova J, Rob D, et al. Effect of Intra-arrest Transport, Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, and Immediate Invasive Assessment and Treatment on Functional Neurologic Outcome in Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Jama. Feb 22 2022;327(8):737-747. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.1025

Berg KM, Bray JE, Ng KC, et al. 2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces [published online ahead of print, 2023 Nov 9]. Circulation. 2023;10.1161/CIR.0000000000001179. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001179

Berg KM, Hsu CH, Considine J, et al. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Defibrillation for Cardiac Arrest when Patients are in the Prone Position Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated April 19, 2021. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/prone-cpr-als-systematic-review

Berg KM, Soar J, Andersen LW, et al. Adult advanced life support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. Oct 20 2020;142(16 Suppl 1):S92-s139. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000893

Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD, et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med. Feb 21 2002;346(8):557-563. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa003289

Bierens J, Barcala-Furelos R, Beerman S, et al. Airway Management in drowning. Review and Task Force Insights [Internet] ILCOR.org. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/bls-856-airway-management-in-drowning-tf-scoping-review

Bierens J, Barcala-Furelos R, Beerman S, et al. Criteria for Discharge in drowning: Scoping Review [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated April 19, 2021. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/bls-856-criteria-for-discharge-in-drowning-tf-scoping-review

Bierens J, Barcala-Furelos R, Beerman S, et al. Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenator (ECMO) in Drowning. Review and Task Force Insights [Internet]. ILCOR.org. Updated April 19, 2021. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/bls-856-extra-corporeal-membrane-oxygenator-ecmo-in-drowning-tf-scoping-review

Bierens J, Barcala-Furelos R, Beerman S, et al. Mechanical Ventilation in Drowning. Review and Task Force Insights [Internet] ILCOR.org.  Updated April 19, 2021. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/bls-856-mechanical-ventilation-in-drowning-tf-scoping-review

Boone MD, Oren-Grinberg A, Robinson TM, Chen CC, Kasper EM. Mannitol or hypertonic saline in the setting of traumatic brain injury: what have we learned? Surg Neurol Int. 2015;6:177. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.170248

Brain Resuscitation Clinical Trial I Study Group. Randomized clinical study of thiopental loading in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(7):397-403. doi:10.1056/NEJM198602133140701

Bray JE, Hein C, Smith K, et al. Oxygen titration after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A multi-centre, randomised controlled pilot study (the EXACT pilot trial). Resuscitation. 2018;128:211-215.

Burke CR, Chan T, Brogan TV, et al. Extracorporeal life support for victims of drowning. Resuscitation. Jul 2016;104:19-23. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.04.005

Callaway CW, Soar J, Aibiki M, et al. Part 4: advanced life support: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. Oct 20 2015;132(16 Suppl 1):S84-S145. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000273

Cecconi M, Hernandez G, Dunser M, et al. Fluid administration for acute circulatory dysfunction using basic monitoring: narrative review and expert panel recommendations from an ESICM task force. Intensive Care Med. Jan 2019;45(1):21-32. doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5415-2

Champigneulle B, Bellenfant-Zegdi F, Follin A, et al. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for refractory cardiac arrest after drowning: an 11-year experience. Resuscitation. Mar 2015;88:126-131. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.11.023

Chen H, Song Z, Dennis JA. Hypertonic saline versus other intracranial pressure-lowering agents for people with acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;1(1):Cd010904. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010904.pub3

Cheskes S, Dorian P, Feldman M, et al. Double sequential external defibrillation for refractory ventricular fibrillation: the DOSE VF pilot randomized controlled trial. Resuscitation. May 2020;150:178-184. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.02.010

Cheskes S, Verbeek PR, Drennan IR, et al. Defibrillation Strategies for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. Nov 24 2022;387(21):1947-1956. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2207304

Contenti J, Corraze H, Lemoël F, Levraut J. Effectiveness of arterial, venous, and capillary blood lactate as a sepsis triage tool in ED patients. Am JEmerg Med. Feb 2015;33(2):167-172. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2014.11.003

Cronberg T, Skrifvars M, Nolan J, et al. Post-Cardiac Arrest Seizure Prophylaxis and Treatment Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org.  Updated January 5, 2020. Accessed September 20, 2020. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/post-cardiac-arrest-seizure-prophylaxis-and-treatment-tf-systematic-review

Dabrowski W, Siwicka-Gieroba D, Robba C, et al. Potentially detrimental effects of hyperosmolality in patients treated for traumatic brain injury. J ClinMed. 2021;10(18). doi:10.3390/jcm10184141

Dankiewicz J, Cronberg T, Lilja G, et al. Hypothermia versus normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. Jun 17 2021;384(24):2283-2294. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2100591

Deakin CD, Morley P, Soar J, Drennan IR. Double (dual) sequential defibrillation for refractory ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Resuscitation. Jun 16 2020;155:24-31. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.008

Desch S, Freund A, Akin I, et al. Angiography after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(27):2544-2553. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2101909

Doan TN, Adams L, Schultz BV, et al. Insights into the epidemiology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation-induced consciousness in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Emerg Med Australas. Oct 2020;32(5):769-776. doi:10.1111/1742-6723.13505

Drennan IR, Dorian P, McLeod S, et al. DOuble SEquential External Defibrillation for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation (DOSE VF): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. Nov 26 2020;21(1):977. doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04904-z

Drennan IR, Nikolaou N, Netherton S, et al. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Advanced Life Support Task Force. Early Coronary Angiography Post-ROSC: Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated April 19, 2021. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/early-coronary-angiography-post-rosc-als-costr-systematic-review

Eastwood GM, Schneider AG, Suzuki S, et al. Targeted therapeutic mild hypercapnia after cardiac arrest: a phase II multi-centre randomised controlled trial (the CCC trial). Resuscitation. 2016;104:83-90.

Elmer J, Rittenberger JC, Faro J, et al. Clinically distinct electroencephalographic phenotypes of early myoclonus after cardiac arrest. Ann Neurol. 2016;80(2):175-184.

Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. IntensiveCare Med. Oct 2 2021:1-67. doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y

Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. ELSO Live Registry Dashboard of ECMO Patient Data. ELSO. Accessed 23 October, 2023. https://elso.org/registry/elsoliveregistrydashboard.aspx

Fleischmann-Struzek C, Mellhammar L, Rose N, et al. Incidence and mortality of hospital- and ICU-treated sepsis: results from an updated and expanded systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. Aug 2020;46(8):1552-1562. doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06151-x

François B, Cariou A, Clere-Jehl R, et al. Prevention of early ventilator-associated pneumonia after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(19):1831-1842.

Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A, et al. High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. Jun 42015;372(23):2185-2196. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1503326

Garner AA, Barker CL, Weatherall AD. Retrospective evaluation of prehospital triage, presentation, interventions and outcome in paediatric drowning managed by a physician staffed helicopter emergency medical service. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. Nov 6 2015;23:92. doi:10.1186/s13049-015-0177-0

Granfeldt A, Holmberg MJ, Nolan JP, Soar J, Andersen LW. Targeted temperature management in adult cardiac arrest: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. Aug 30 2021;167:160-172. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.08.040

Griffiths MJD, McAuley DF, Perkins GD, et al. Guidelines on the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2019;6(1):e000420. doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000420

Hanisch JR, Counts CR, Latimer AJ, Rea TD, Yin L, Sayre MR. Causes of chest compression interruptions during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. J Am Heart Assoc. Mar 17 2020;9(6):e015599. doi:10.1161/jaha.119.015599

Hernández G, Ospina-Tascón GA, Damiani LP, et al. Effect of a resuscitation strategy targeting peripheral perfusion status vs serum lactate levels on 28-day mortality among patients with septic shock: The ANDROMEDA-SHOCK randomized clinical trial. JAMA. Feb 19 2019;321(7):654-664. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.0071

Hifumi T, Kuroda Y, Kawakita K, et al. Effect of Admission Glasgow Coma Scale Motor Score on Neurological Outcome in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia. Circ J. 2015;79(10):2201-8. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-15-0308

Hirsch K, Sandroni C, Skrifvars M, Humaloja J, on behalf of the ILCOR ALS Task Force. EEG for prediction of good neurologic outcome: Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Updated December 15, 2022. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/eeg-for-prediction-of-good-neurological-outcome-als-tfsr

Holmberg MJ, Granfeldt A, Guerguerian AM, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest: An updated systematic review. Resuscitation. Jan 2023;182:109665. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.12.003

Holmberg MJ, Granfeldt A, Mentzelopoulos SD, Andersen LW. Vasopressin and glucocorticoids for in-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Resuscitation. 2022;171:48-56. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.12.030

Holmberg MJ, Issa MS, Moskowitz A, et al. Vasopressors during adult cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2019;139:106-121. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.04.008

Holmberg MJ, Nicholson T, Nolan JP, et al. Oxygenation and ventilation targets after cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2020;152:107-115.

Hsu CH, Couper K, Nix T, et al. Calcium during cardiac arrest: ALS TFSR. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Updated December 6, 2022. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/calcium-during-cardiac-arrest-als-tfsr

Hsu CH, Meurer WJ, Domeier R, et al. Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (EROCA): Results of a Randomized Feasibility Trial of Expedited Out-of-Hospital Transport. Ann Emerg Med. Jul 2021;78(1):92-101. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.11.011

Hubert H, Escutnaire J, Michelet P, et al. Can we identify termination of resuscitation criteria in cardiac arrest due to drowning: results from the French national out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry. J Eval Clin Pract. Dec 2016;22(6):924-931. doi:10.1111/jep.12562

Hylands M, Moller MH, Asfar P, et al. A systematic review of vasopressor blood pressure targets in critically ill adults with hypotension. Can J Anaesth.Jul 2017;64(7):703-715. doi:10.1007/s12630-017-0877-1

International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Advanced Life Support Adult Task Force. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for cardiac arrest: ALS TFSR. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Updated January 19, 2023. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/extracorporeal-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-ecpr-for-cardiac-arrest-als-tfsr

International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Advanced Life Support Adult Task Force. Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) for prediction of good neurological outcome: ALS TFSR. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/short-latency-somatosensory-evoked-potentials-sseps-for-prediction-of-good-neurological-outcome-als-tfsr

Jakkula P, Reinikainen M, Hästbacka J, et al. Targeting two different levels of both arterial carbon dioxide and arterial oxygen after cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a randomised pilot trial. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(12):2112-2121.

Jang J, Oh SH, Nam Y, et al. Prognostic value of phase information of 2D T2*-weighted gradient echo brain imaging in cardiac arrest survivors: A preliminary study. Resuscitation. Jul 2019;140:142-149. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.05.026

Joanknecht L, Argent AC, van Dijk M, van As AB. Childhood drowning in South Africa: local data should inform prevention strategies. Pediatr Surg Int. Feb 2015;31(2):123-130. doi:10.1007/s00383-014-3637-0

Kieboom JK, Verkade HJ, Burgerhof JG, et al. Outcome after resuscitation beyond 30 minutes in drowned children with cardiac arrest and hypothermia: Dutch nationwide retrospective cohort study. BMJ. Feb 10 2015;350:h418. doi:10.1136/bmj.h418

Kim F, Nichol G, Maynard C, et al. Effect of prehospital induction of mild hypothermia on survival and neurological status among adults with cardiac arrest: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. Jan 1 2014;311(1):45-52. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.282173

Kim JH, Nagy Á, Putzu A, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of high quality randomized trials.Crit Care Med. Jul 2020;48(7):1047-1054. doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004364

Kochanek PM, Adelson PD, Rosario BL, et al. Comparison of intracranial pressure measurements before and after hypertonic saline or mannitol treatment in children with severe traumatic brain injury. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(3):e220891. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0891

Kochanek PM, Tasker RC, Carney N, et al. Guidelines for the management of pediatric severe traumatic brain injury, third edition: update of the Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019;20(3S Suppl 1):S1-S82. doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000001735

Kranc H, Novack V, Shtein A, Sherman R, Novack L. Extreme temperature and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Nationwide study in a hot climate country.Environ Health. 2021;20(1):38. doi:10.1186/s12940-021-00722-1

Kuisma M, Boyd J, Voipio V, Alaspää A, Roine RO, Rosenberg P. Comparison of 30 and the 100% inspired oxygen concentrations during early post-resuscitation period: a randomised controlled pilot study. Resuscitation. 2006;69(2):199-206.

Kuttab HI, Lykins JD, Hughes MD, et al. Evaluation and predictors of fluid resuscitation in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med. Nov 2019;47(11):1582-1590. doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003960

Lamontagne F, Meade MO, Hébert PC, et al. Higher versus lower blood pressure targets for vasopressor therapy in shock: a multicentre pilot randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. Apr 2016;42(4):542-550. doi:10.1007/s00134-016-4237-3

Lamontagne F, Richards-Belle A, Thomas K, et al. Effect of reduced exposure to vasopressors on 90-day mortality in older critically ill patients with vasodilatory hypotension: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. Mar 10 2020;323(10):938-949. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0930

Lara B, Enberg L, Ortega M, et al. Capillary refill time during fluid resuscitation in patients with sepsis-related hyperlactatemia at the emergency department is related to mortality. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0188548. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188548

Lee KS, Lee SE, Choi JY, et al. Useful Computed Tomography Score for Estimation of Early Neurologic Outcome in Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients With Therapeutic Hypothermia. Circ J. Oct 25 2017;81(11):1628-1635. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-16-1327

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Martin-Conty JL, Polonio-López B, Maestre-Miquel C, et al. Physiological response of quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation, crossover trial on mannequin in extreme temperature conditions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16). doi:10.3390/ijerph17165835

Mauri T, Turrini C, Eronia N, et al. Physiologic effects of high-flow nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. May 1 2017;195(9):1207-1215. doi:10.1164/rccm.201605-0916OC

Mentzelopoulos SD, Malachias S, Chamos C, et al. Vasopressin, steroids, and epinephrine and neurologically favorable survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310(3):270-279. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.7832

Mentzelopoulos SD, Zakynthinos SG, Tzoufi M, et al. Vasopressin, epinephrine, and corticosteroids for in-hospital cardiac arrest. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(1):15-24. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.509

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Moseby-Knappe M, Westhall E, Backman S, et al. Performance of a guideline-recommended algorithm for prognostication of poor neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. Intensive Care Med. Oct 2020;46(10):1852-1862. doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06080-9

Monsalve F, Rucabado L, Ruano M, Cuñat J, Lacueva V, Viñuales A. The neurologic effects of thiopental therapy after cardiac arrest. Intensive CareMed. 1987;13(4):244-248.

Morris E, McCartney D, Lasserson D, Van den Bruel A, Fisher R, Hayward G. Point-of-care lactate testing for sepsis at presentation to health care: a systematic review of patient outcomes. Br J Gen Pract. Dec 2017;67(665):e859-e870. doi:10.3399/bjgp17X693665

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Nicholson TC, Couper K, Drennan I, et al. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Advanced Life Support Task Force. Use of vasopressin and corticosteroids during cardiac arrest: Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated February 13, 2022. Accessed August 14, 2022. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/use-of-vasopressin-and-corticosteroids-during-cardiac-arrest

Nielsen N, Wetterslev J, Cronberg T, et al. Targeted temperature management at 33°C versus 36°C after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. Dec 5 2013;369(23):2197-2206. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1310519

Nikolaou NI, Netherton S, Welsford M, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of routine early angiography in patients with return of spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2021;163:28-48. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.03.019

Oh SH, Park KN, Choi SP, et al. Beyond dichotomy: patterns and amplitudes of SSEPs and neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest. Crit Care. Jun 18 2019;23(1):224. doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2510-x

Oh SH, Park KN, Shon YM, et al. Continuous Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalographic Monitoring Is a Useful Prognostic Tool for Hypothermia-Treated Cardiac Arrest Patients. Circulation. Sep 22 2015;132(12):1094-103. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.015754

Ohshimo S, Drennan I, Deakin CD, Soar J, Berg KM, on behalf of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Advanced Life Support Task Force. Double sequential defibrillation strategy for cardiac arrest with refractory shockable rhythm: ALS TF SR. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Updated May 4, 2023. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/double-sequential-defibrillation-strategy-for-cardiac-arrest-with-refractory-shockable-rhythm-als-tf-sr

Olasveengen TM, Mancini ME, Perkins GD, et al. Adult basic life support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. Oct 20 2020;142(16  Suppl 1):S41-S91. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000892

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Ong G, Maconochie I, Aicken R, et al. Oxygen titration during pediatric cardiac arrest. Scoping Review. Pediatric Life Support Task Force Insights [Internet]. ILCOR.org. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/oxygen-titration-during-pediatric-cardiac-arrest-pls-396-scoping-review

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