Pediatric Advanced Life Support References

American American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation. A-B-C vs C-A-B. American Red Cross. Updated June 2020. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000xbbZ/J6tTYv17AnS8M0ZKtKdacHkmM_QChFuA8SWIvdKllvA

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation. Mannitol or hypertonic saline for acute major traumatic brain injury. American Red Cross. Updated June 2022. Accessed October 1, 2022. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000xQot/suacrg0bfRsd3sV5B22bkNAwB7MtQTrTGNw6jMIJ254 

Atkins D, Acworth J, Chung SP, Reis A, Van De Voorde P; International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Pediatric and Basic Life Support Task Forces. Application of automated external defibrillators in infants, children and adolescents in cardiac arrest: Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendation [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated January 28, 2022. Accessed August 14, 2022. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/inclusion-of-infants-children-and-adolescents-in-public-access-defibrillation-programs

Atkins DL, Acworth J, Chung SP, Reis A, Van de Voorde P. Lay rescuer use of automated external defibrillators in infants, children and adolescents: a systematic review. Resusc Plus. 2022;11:100283. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100283

Avni T, Lador A, Lev S, Leibovici L, Paul M, Grossman A. Vasopressors for the treatment of septic shock: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0129305.

Baldasso E, Ramos Garcia PC, Piva JP, Einloft PR. Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of vasopressin infusion in children with shock. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(5 Suppl):S137-S145.

Bembea MM, Ng DK, Rizkalla N, et al. Outcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation of pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest: a report from the Get With The Guidelines®-Resuscitation and the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registries. Crit Care Med. 2019;47(4):e278-e285. doi:10. 1097/ccm.0000000000003622

Bennett KS, Clark AE, Meert KL, et al. Early oxygenation and ventilation measurements after pediatric cardiac arrest: lack of association with outcome. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(6):1534-1542.

Berg KM, Bray JE, Ng KC, et al. 2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces [published online ahead of print, 2023 Nov 9]. Circulation. 2023;10.1161/CIR.0000000000001179. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001179

Berg K, Hsu CH, Considine J, et al. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Defibrillation for Cardiac Arrest when Patients are in the Prone Position Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated April 19, 2021. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/prone-cpr-als-systematic-review

Berg KM, Soar J, Andersen LW, et al. Adult advanced life support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2020;142(16 Suppl 1):S92-S139.

Boone MD, Oren-Grinberg A, Robinson TM, Chen CC, Kasper EM. Mannitol or hypertonic saline in the setting of traumatic brain injury: what have we learned? Surg Neurol Int. 2015;6:177. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.170248

Brooks GA, Park JT. Clinical and Electroencephalographic Correlates in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest: Experience at a Tertiary Care Center. Neuropediatrics. Oct 2018;49(5):324-329. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1657757

Buick JE, Wallner C, Aickin R, et al. Paediatric targeted temperature management post cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. Jun 2019;139:65-75. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.03.038

Burrus S, Hall M, Tooley E, Conrad K, Bettenhausen JL, Kemper C. Factors related to serious safety events in a children’s hospital patient safety collaborative. Pediatrics. 2021;148(3):e2020030346. doi:10.1542/peds.2020-030346

Chang CY, Wu PH, Hsiao CT, Chang CP, Chen YC, Wu KH. Sodium bicarbonate administration during in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2021;162:188-197. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.035

Chen H, Song Z, Dennis JA. Hypertonic saline versus other intracranial pressure-lowering agents for people with acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;1(1):Cd010904. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010904.pub3

Chong SL, Goh MSL, Ong GY, et al. Do paediatric early warning systems reduce mortality and critical deterioration events among children? a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resusc Plus. 2022;11:100262. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100262

Choong K, Bohn D, Fraser DD, et al. Vasopressin in pediatric vasodilatory shock: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180(7):632-639.

Curley MA, Hibberd PL, Fineman LD, et al. Effect of prone positioning on clinical outcomes in children with acute lung injury: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;294(2):229-237.

Dabrowski W, Siwicka-Gieroba D, Robba C, et al. Potentially detrimental effects of hyperosmolality in patients treated for traumatic brain injury. J Clin Med. 2021;10(18). doi:10.3390/jcm10184141

Del Castillo J, López-Herce J, Matamoros M, et al. Hyperoxia, hypocapnia and hypercapnia as outcome factors after cardiac arrest in children. Resuscitation. 2012;83(12):1456-1461.

den Brinker M, Joosten KF, Liem O, et al. Adrenal insufficiency in meningococcal sepsis: bioavailable cortisol levels and impact of interleukin-6 levels and intubation with etomidate on adrenal function and mortality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(9):5110-5117.

Ding L, Wang L, Ma W, He H. Efficacy and safety of early prone positioning combined with HFNC or NIV in moderate to severe ARDS: a multi-center prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):28.

Dohna-Schwake C, Stehling F, Tschiedel E, Wallot M, Mellies U. Non-invasive ventilation on a pediatric intensive care unit: feasibility, efficacy, and predictors of success. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011;46(11):1114-1120.

Emrath ET, Fortenberry JD, Travers C, McCracken CE, Hebbar KB. Resuscitation with balanced fluids is associated with improved survival in pediatric severe sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(7):1177-1183.

Ferguson LP, Durward A, Tibby SM. Relationship between arterial partial oxygen pressure after resuscitation from cardiac arrest and mortality in children. Circulation. 2012;126(3):335-342.

Fink EL, Berger RP, Clark RS, et al. Serum biomarkers of brain injury to classify outcome after pediatric cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med. Mar 2014;42(3):664-74. doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000435668.53188.80

Fink EL, Panigrahy A, Clark RS, et al. Regional brain injury on conventional and diffusion weighted MRI is associated with outcome after pediatric cardiac arrest. Neurocrit Care. Aug 2013;19(1):31-40. doi:10.1007/s12028-012-9706-0

Fink EL, Wisnowski J, Clark R, et al. Brain MR imaging and spectroscopy for outcome prognostication after pediatric cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. Dec 2020;157:185-194. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.033

Granfeldt A, Avis SR, Lind PC, et al. Intravenous vs. intraosseous administration of drugs during cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Resuscitation. 2020;149:150-157.

Greif R, Bhanji F, Bigham BL, et al. Education, implementation, and teams: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2020;142(16 Suppl 1):S222-S283.

Griffis H, Wu L, Naim MY, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of AED use in pediatric cardiac arrest in public settings: the influence of neighborhood characteristics. Resuscitation. 2020;146:126-131. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.09.038

Guerguerian AM, Sano M, Todd M, Honjo O, Alexander P, Raman L. Pediatric Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ELSO Guidelines. Asaio J. Mar 1 2021;67(3):229-237. doi:10.1097/mat.0000000000001345

Guidelines 2000 for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Part 10: Pediatric advanced life support. The American Heart Association in collaboration with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation. 2000;102(8 Suppl):I291-I342.

Hamzah M, Othman HF, Almasri M, Al-Subu A, Lutfi R. Survival outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest in pediatric patients in the USA. Eur J Pediatr. Aug 2021;180(8):2513-2520. doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04082-3

Holmberg MJ, Geri G, Wiberg S, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Resuscitation. 2018;131:91-100. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.07.029

Holmberg MJ, Granfeldt A, Guerguerian AM, et al. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest: an updated systematic review. Resuscitation. Jan 2023;182:109665. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.12.003

Holmberg MJ, Granfeldt A, Guerguerian AM, et al. Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) for Cardiac Arrest in Pediatrics: PLS TFSR. International Committee Liaison on Resuscitation (ILCOR). ILCOR.org. Updated March 2, 2023. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/extracorporeal-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-ecpr-for-cardiac-arrest-in-pediatrics-pls-tfsr

Holmberg MJ, Nicholson T, Nolan JP, et al. Oxygenation and ventilation targets after cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2020;152:107-115.

Holmberg MJ, Ross CE, Yankama T, Roberts JS, Andersen LW. Epinephrine in children receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation for bradycardia with poor perfusion. Resuscitation. 2020;149:180-190. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.12.032

Inwald DP, Canter R, Woolfall K, et al. Restricted fluid bolus volume in early septic shock: results of the fluids in shock pilot trial. Arch Dis Child. 2019;104(5):426-431.

Jagt EW. Improving pediatric survival from resuscitation events: the role and organization of hospital-based rapid response systems and code teams. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2013;9(2):158-174. doi:10.2174/1573396311309020009

Khera R, Tang Y, Girotra S, et al. Pulselessness after initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for bradycardia in hospitalized children. Circulation. 2019;140(5):370-378. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.118.039048

Kim F, Nichol G, Maynard C, et al. Effect of prehospital induction of mild hypothermia on survival and neurological status among adults with cardiac arrest: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. Jan 1 2014;311(1):45-52. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.282173

Kirschen MP, Licht DJ, Faerber J, et al. Association of MRI brain injury with outcome after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Neurology. Feb 2 2021;96(5):e719-e731. doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000011217

Kitamura T, Iwami T, Kawamura T, et al. Conventional and chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for children who have out-of- hospital cardiac arrests: a prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study. Lancet. 2010;375(9723):1347-1354. doi:10.1016/s0140- 6736(10)60064-5

Kiyohara K, Nitta M, Sato Y, et al. Ten-year trends of public-access defibrillation in Japanese school-aged patients having neurologically favorable survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Am J Cardiol. 2018;122(5):890-897. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.05.021

Kleinman ME, de Caen AR, Chameides L, et al. Part 10: Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2010;122(16 Suppl 2):S466-S515. doi:10.1161/ circulationaha.110.971093

Kochanek PM, Adelson PD, Rosario BL, et al. Comparison of intracranial pressure measurements before and after hypertonic saline or mannitol treatment in children with severe traumatic brain injury. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(3):e220891. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0891

Kochanek PM, Tasker RC, Carney N, et al. Guidelines for the management of pediatric severe traumatic brain injury, third edition: update of the Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019;20(3S Suppl 1):S1-S82. doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000001735

Kornecki A, Frndova H, Coates AL, Shemie SD. A randomized trial of prolonged prone positioning in children with acute respiratory failure. Chest. 2001;119(1):211-218.

Lambert V, Matthews A, MacDonell R, Fitzsimons J. Paediatric early warning systems for detecting and responding to clinical deterioration in children: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(3):e014497. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014497

Lin JJ, Hsia SH, Wang HS, Chiang MC, Lin KL. Transcranial doppler ultrasound in therapeutic hypothermia for children after resuscitation. Resuscitation. Apr 2015;89:182-7. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.01.029

López-Herce J, del Castillo J, Matamoros M, et al. Post return of spontaneous circulation factors associated with mortality in pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective multicenter multinational observational study. Crit Care. 2014;18(6):607.

Maconochie IK, Aickin R, Hazinski MF, et al. Pediatric Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2020;142(16 Suppl 1):S140-S184. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000894

Magee A, Deschamps R, Delzoppo C, et al. Temperature management and health-related quality of life in children 3 years after cardiac arrest. Pediatr Crit Care Med. Aug 23 2021;doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000002821

Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, et al. Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(26):2483-2495. Maxien D, Wirth S, Peschel O, et al. Intraosseous needles in pediatric cadavers: rate of malposition. Resuscitation. 2019;145:1-7.

Meert KL, Delius R, Slomine BS, et al. One-year survival and neurologic outcomes after pediatric open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Ann Thorac Surg. May 2019;107(5):1441-1446. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.11.028

Meert K, Telford R, Holubkov R, et al. Paediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest: factors associated with survival and neurobehavioural outcome one year later. Resuscitation. Mar 2018;124:96-105. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.01.013

Millin MG, Bogumil D, Fishe JN, Burke RV. Comparing the two-finger versus two-thumb technique for single person infant CPR: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2020;148:161-172.

Moler FW, Silverstein FS, Holubkov R, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia after in-hospital cardiac arrest in children. N Engl J Med. Jan 26 2017;376(4):318-329. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1610493

Moler FW, Silverstein FS, Holubkov R, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children. N Engl J Med. May 14 2015;372(20):1898-1908. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1411480

Morgan RW, Reeder RW, Meert KL, et al. Survival and hemodynamics during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation for bradycardia and poor perfusion versus pulseless cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(6):881-889. doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004308

Naim MY, Burke RV, McNally BF, et al. Association of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation with overall and neurologically favorable survival after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States: a report from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival surveillance registry. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(2):133-141. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.3643

Naim MY, Griffis HM, Berg RA, et al. Compression-only versus rescue-breathing cardiopulmonary resuscitation after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78(10):1042-1052. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.042

Naim MY, Griffis HM, Burke RV, et al. Race/ethnicity and neighborhood characteristics are associated with bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States: a study from CARES. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(14):e012637. doi:10.1161/jaha.119.012637

Olasveengen TM, de Caen AR, Mancini ME, et al. 2017 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary. Circulation. 2017;136(23):e424-e440. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000541

Ong GYK, Acworth J, Ng KC, Chong SL, Goh MSL, Yao SHW; International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Pediatric Life Support Task Force. Pediatric early warning systems (PEWS) with or without rapid response teams: Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated February 14, 2022. Accessed August 14, 2022. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/pediatric-early-warning-scores-pews-pls-818-scr

Pancera CF, Hayashi M, Fregnani JH, Negri EM, Deheinzelin D, de Camargo B. Noninvasive ventilation in immunocompromised pediatric patients: eight years of experience in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2008;30(7):533-538.

Parshuram CS, Dryden-Palmer K, Farrell C, et al. Effect of a pediatric early warning system on all-cause mortality in hospitalized pediatric patients: the EPOCH randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319(10):1002-1012. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0948

Piva J, Alquati T, Garcia PC, Fiori H, Einloft P, Bruno F. Norepinephrine infusion increases urine output in children under sedative and analgesic infusion. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2014;60(3):208-215.

Ramaswamy KN, Singhi S, Jayashree M, Bansal A, Nallasamy K. Double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing dopamine and epinephrine in pediatric fluid-refractory hypotensive septic shock. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016;17(11):e502-e512.

Raymond TT, Stromberg D, Stigall W, Burton G, Zaritsky A. Sodium bicarbonate use during in-hospital pediatric pulseless cardiac arrest—a report from the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines®-Resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2015;89:106-113. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.01.007

Rotering VM, Trepels-Kottek S, Heimann K, Brokmann JC, Orlikowsky T, Schoberer M. Adult “termination-of-resuscitation” (TOR)-criteria may not be suitable for children—a retrospective analysis. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24(1):144.

Sankar J, Ismail J, Sankar MJ, C PS, Meena RS. Fluid bolus over 15-20 versus 5-10 minutes each in the first hour of resuscitation in children with septic shock: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18(10):e435-e445.

Santhanam I, Sangareddi S, Venkataraman S, Kissoon N, Thiruvengadamudayan V, Kasthuri RK. A prospective randomized controlled study of two fluid regimens in the initial management of septic shock in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008;24(10):647-655.

Scholefield BR, Guerguerian AM, Tijssen J, et al. Post-arrest temperature management in children [Internet] ILCOR.org. Accessed November 20, 2021. https://ilcor.org/news/post-arrest-temperature-management-in-children

Scholefield BR, Tijssen J, Ganesan SL, et al. Biomarkers for the Prediction of Survival With Good Neurological Outcome After Return of Circulation Following Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet] International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). ILCOR.org. Updated February 8, 2022. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/blood-biomarkers-for-the-prediction-of-good-neurological-outcome-after-return-of-circulation-following-pediatric-cardiac-arrest-pls-tfsr

Scholefield BR, Tijssen J, Ganesan SL, et al. Brain Imaging for the Prediction of Survival With Good Neurological Outcome After Return of Circulation Following Pediatric Cardiac Arrest: Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations [Internet]. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). ILCOR.org. Updated January 9, 2023. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/brain-imaging-for-the-prediction-of-survival-with-good-neurological-outcome-after-return-of-circulation-following-pediatric-cardiac-arrest-pls-tfsr

Scholefield BR, Tijssen J, Ganesan SL, et al. Clinical Examination for the Prediction of Survival with Good Neurological Outcome After Return of Circulation Following Pediatric Cardiac Arrest: Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet] International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). ILCOR.org. Updated March 5, 2023. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/clinical-examination-for-the-prediction-of-survival-with-good-neurological-outcome-after-return-of-circulation-following-pediatric-cardiac-arrest-pls-tfsr-1

Scholefield BR, Tijssen J, Ganesan SL, et al. Electrophysiology Testing for the Prediction of Survival With Good Neurological Outcome After Return Of Circulation Following Pediatric Cardiac Arrest: Consensus On Science With Treatment Recommendations [Internet] International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR).  ILCOR.org Updated January 9, 2023. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/electrophysiology-testing-for-the-prediction-of-survival-with-good-neurological-outcome-after-return-of-circulation-following-pediatric-cardiac-arrest-pls-tfsr

Semler MW, Self WH, Wanderer JP, et al. Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(9):829-839.

Soar J, Donnino MW, Maconochie I, et al. 2018 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary. Circulation. 2018;138(23):e714-e730. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000611

Soar J, Maconochie I, Wyckoff MH, et al. 2019 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces. Circulation. Dec 10 2019;140(24):e826-e880. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000734

Soar J, Nolan JP, Andersen LW, et al. Temperature Management in Adult Cardiac Arrest Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated October 13, 2021. Accessed November 1, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/systematic-review-temperature-management-in-adult-cardiac-arrest-als

Taeb M, Levin AB, Spaeder MC, Schwartz JM. Comparison of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality in classic cardiopulmonary resuscitation and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation events using video review. Pediatr Crit Care Med. Sep 2018;19(9):831-838. doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000001644

Tobin JM, Ramos WD, Greenshields J, et al. Outcome of conventional bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in cardiac arrest following drowning. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2020;35(2):141-147.

Tobin JM, Ramos WD, Pu Y, Wernicki PG, Quan L, Rossano JW. Bystander CPR is associated with improved neurologically favourable survival in cardiac arrest following drowning. Resuscitation. 2017;115:39-43. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.04.004

Topjian AA, Raymond TT, Atkins D, et al. Part 4: Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2020;142(16 Suppl 2):S469-S523. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000901

Troy L, Burch M, Sawicki JG, Henricksen JW. Pediatric rapid response system innovations. Hosp Pract (1995). 2021;49(1 Suppl):399-404. doi:10.1080/2154833 1.2022.2028468

Upadhyay P, Tripathi VN, Singh RP, Sachan D. Role of hypertonic saline and mannitol in the management of raised intracranial pressure in children: a randomized comparative study. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2010;5(1):18-21. doi:10.4103/1817-1745.66673

van Zellem L, de Jonge R, van Rosmalen J, Reiss I, Tibboel D, Buysse C. High cumulative oxygen levels are associated with improved survival of children treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2015;90:150-157.

Ventura AM, Shieh HH, Bousso A, et al. Double-blind prospective randomized controlled trial of dopamine versus epinephrine as first-line vasoactive drugs in pediatric septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(11):2292-2302.

Weiss SL, Keele L, Balamuth F, et al. Crystalloid fluid choice and clinical outcomes in pediatric sepsis: a matched retrospective cohort study. J Pediatr. 2017;182:304-310.e310.

Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis- Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020;21(2):e52-e106.

Wolfler A, Calderini E, Iannella E, et al. Evolution of noninvasive mechanical ventilation use: a cohort study among Italian PICUs. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015;16(5):418-427.

Wyckoff MH, Greif R, Morley PT, et al. 2022 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces. Circulation. Nov 3 2022;doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001095

Wyckoff MH, Singletary EM, Soar J, et al. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces. Resuscitation. Nov 5 2021;doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.040

Wyckoff MH, Singletary EM, Soar J, et al. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group. Circulation. Nov 11 2021:Cir0000000000001017. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001017

Yacoub M, Birchansky B, Mlynash M, et al. The prognostic value of quantitative diffusion-weighted MRI after pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitation. Feb 2019;135:103-109. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.11.003

Yildizdas D, Yapicioglu H, Celik U, Sertdemir Y, Alhan E. Terlipressin as a rescue therapy for catecholamine-resistant septic shock in children. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(3):511-517.