Basic Life Support References

Abelairas-Gómez C, Barcala-Furelos R, Mecías-Calvo M, et al. Prehospital emergency medicine at the beach: what is the effect of fins and rescue tubes in lifesaving and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after rescue? Wilderness Environ Med. Sep 2017;28(3):176-184. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2017.03.013

Abelairas-Gómez C, Tobin JM, Jayashree M, et al. Ventilation Strategies (With vs Without Equipment) Following Drowning: Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet] International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). ILCOR.org. Updated November 18, 2022. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/ventilation-with-vs-without-equipment-before-hospital-arrival-following-drowning-bls-tfsr

Adelborg K, Dalgas C, Grove EL, Jørgensen C, Al-Mashhadi RH, Løfgren B. Mouth-to-mouth ventilation is superior to mouth-to-pocket mask and bag-valve-mask ventilation during lifeguard CPR: a randomized study. Resuscitation. May 2011;82(5):618-622. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.01.009

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Aquatics: In-water resuscitation. American Red Cross. June 2019. Accessed November 10, 2023. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000001ErA9/0_H.fuTibzy6u0C80RAwuBPEI_CvEkOkztzON2IrVuA

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. First aid: Infection risk in first aid and CPR. American Red Cross. November 2021. Accessed November 10, 2023. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000tbgc/ZhXG5ByLnLjVQdgb.9ju6sfWEk86.OeCJDb2PbbUcXA

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: A-B-C vs. C-A-B. American Red Cross. June 2020. Accessed August 27, 2021. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000xbbZ/J6tTYv17AnS8M0ZKtKdacHkmM_QChFuA8SWIvdKllvA

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: AED placement. American Red Cross. January 2017. Accessed November 10, 2023. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000xbc8/2iV_p3i7HTyRn1q1A1r7yK0O2tOiQB0oOlthhHxNJxU

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: AED placement in Infants. American Red Cross. Updated 2023. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000001Rok0/xKTroaLCJUDJdjSgYEgl7jC5yA46n1ZiRwlfAwfUgHA

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: Bag-valve-mask vs. mouth-to-mask ventilation for single rescuers. American Red Cross. Updated January 2021. Accessed August 30, 2021.

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: CPR for Drowning. American Red Cross. January 2021. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000001Eqdt/Ob.dLhMsbkoCjNwvEdtMtlgSHBs1LvVVUe_tF8veTDU

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: Compression-Only and Compression-Ventilation CPR for Drowning Process Resuscitation. American Red Cross. January 2023.

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation. Mechanical CPR devices. American Red Cross. Updated June 17, 2023. Accessed October 1, 2022. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000thKf/CNzD1XIYoBEn7yoHs08WeW15PM8Tx8mwvqBqQ9tvcv0

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: Naloxone administration during resuscitation. American Red Cross. Updated 2017. Accessed August 27, 2021. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000xbdf/jf9ImyPr2A6RX1QnWFCFIBFmnidyM66rQTXYtduzqd0

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: Negative Pressure Anti-Choking Devices June 17, 2023. American Red Cross. Accessed November 10, 2023.

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: Pulse check for cardiac arrest. American Red Cross. January 24, 2015. Accessed August 27, 2021.

American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Resuscitation: Ventilation With and Without Equipment for Drowning Process Resuscitation. American Red Cross. 2023.

Aoki K, Kurosawa H. Successful use of automated external defibrillation in a 1-month-old infant. Pediatr Int. Jul 2018;60(7):670-672. doi:10.1111/ped.13597

Aramendi E, Irusta U. To interrupt, or not to interrupt chest compressions for ventilation: that is the question! J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(1):E121-E123. doi:10.3978/j. issn.2072-1439.2016.01.04

Ashoor HM, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. Effectiveness of different compression-to-ventilation methods for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review. Resuscitation. 2017;118:112-125.

Atkins DL, Acworth J, Chung SP, Reis A, Van de Voorde P, Forces. Application of Automated External Defibrillators in Infants, Children and Adolescents in Cardiac Arrest Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet]. International Liaison Committee of Resuscitation (ILCOR). ILCOR.org. Updated January 27, 2022. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/inclusion-of-infants-children-and-adolescents-in-public-access-defibrillation-programs

Atkins DL, Acworth J, Chung SP, Reis A, Van de Voorde P. Lay rescuer use of automated external defibrillators in infants, children and adolescents: a systematic review. Resusc Plus. 2022;11:100283. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100283

Aufderheide TP, Lurie KG. Death by hyperventilation: a common and life-threatening problem during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med. Sep 2004;32(9 Suppl):S345-S351. doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000134335.46859.09

Aufderheide TP, Sigurdsson G, Pirrallo RG, et al. Hyperventilation-induced hypotension during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation. Apr 27 2004;109(16):1960-1965. doi:10.1161/01.Cir.0000126594.79136.61

Baker PW, Conway J, Cotton C, et al. Defibrillation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation first for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests found by paramedics to be in ventricular fibrillation? A randomised control trial. Resuscitation. 2008;79(3):424-431.

Barcala-Furelos R, Schmidt A, Webber J, et al. Immediate Resuscitation In-Water or Delaying Until on Land Strategies for Drowning: Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet]. Manuscript. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). ILCOR.org. Updated December 5, 2022. Accessed October 4, 2022. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/immediate-resuscitation-in-water-or-delaying-on-land-in-drowning-bls-tf-sr

Barcala-Furelos R, Szpilman D, Palacios-Aguilar J, et al. Assessing the efficacy of rescue equipment in lifeguard resuscitation efforts for drowning. Am J Emerg Med. Mar 2016;34(3):480-485. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.006

Beasley G. Firefighter-Down CPR: A New Approach. PowerPoint Presentation. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://www.bnhcrc.com.au/resources/presentation-slideshow/3977

Beerman S, Mecrow T, Fukuda T, et al. AED First vs CPR First for Drowning, Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet]. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). ILCOR.org. Updated April 5, 2022. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/aed-first-vs-cpr-first-in-cardiac-arrest-following-drowning-bls-856

Beesems SG, Berdowski J, Hulleman M, Blom MT, Tijssen JG, Koster RW. Minimizing pre- and post-shock pauses during the use of an automatic external defibrillator by two different voice prompt protocols: a randomized controlled trial of a bundle of measures. Resuscitation. 2016;106:1-6. doi:10.1016/j. resuscitation.2016.06.009

Berdowski J, Tijssen JG, Koster RW. Chest compressions cause recurrence of ventricular fibrillation after the first successful conversion by defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2010;3(1):72-78.

Berg KM, Bray JE, Ng KC, et al. 2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces [published online ahead of print, 2023 Nov 9]. Circulation. 2023;10.1161/CIR.0000000000001179. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001179

Bertrand C, Hemery F, Carli P, et al. Constant flow insufflation of oxygen as the sole mode of ventilation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Intensive Care Med. 2006;32(6):843-851. doi:10.1007/s00134-006-0137-2

Bibl K, Gröpel P, Berger A, Schmölzer GM, Olischar M, Wagner M. Randomised simulation trial found an association between rescuers’ height and weight and chest compression quality during paediatric resuscitation. Acta Paediatr. Sep 2020;109(9):1831-1837. doi:10.1111/apa.15229

Bierens J, Abelairas-Gomez C, Barcala Furelos R, et al. Resuscitation and emergency care in drowning: a scoping review. Resuscitation. May 2021;162:205-217. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.01.033

Bierens J, Barcala-Furelos R, Beerman S, et al. Automated external defibrillation in drowning. Review and Task Force Insights [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated April 19, 2021. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/bls-856-automated-external-defibrillator-use-in-drowning-aed-use-tf-scoping-review

Bierens J, Barcala-Furelos R, Beerman S, et al. In-water resuscitation in drowning. Review and Task Force Insights [Internet]. ILCOR. Updated April 19, 2021. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/bls-856-in-water-resuscitation-in-drowning-tf-scoping-review

Bierens J, Bray J, Abelairas-Gomez C, et al. A systematic review of interventions for resuscitation following drowning. Resusc Plus. Jun 2023;14:100406. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100406

Blomberg SN, Christensen HC, Lippert F, et al. Effect of machine learning on dispatcher recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during calls to emergency medical services: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. Jan 4 2021;4(1):e2032320. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.32320

Bobrow BJ, Clark LL, Ewy GA, et al. Minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation by emergency medical services for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. Mar 12 2008;299(10):1158-1165. doi:10.1001/jama.299.10.1158

Bobrow BJ, Ewy GA, Clark L, et al. Passive oxygen insufflation is superior to bag-valve-mask ventilation for witnessed ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54(5):656-662.e1. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.011

Bobrow BJ, Spaite DW, Berg RA, et al. Chest compression–only CPR by lay rescuers and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. 2010;304(13):1447.

Brooks SC, Clegg GR, Bray J, et al. Optimizing outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with innovative approaches to public-access defibrillation: a scientific statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2022;172:204-228. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.11.032

Burrus S, Hall M, Tooley E, Conrad K, Bettenhausen JL, Kemper C. Factors related to serious safety events in a children’s hospital patient safety collaborative. Pediatrics. 2021;148(3). doi:10.1542/peds.2020-030346

Chan JS, Ng MX, Ng YY. Drowning in swimming pools: clinical features and safety recommendations based on a study of descriptive records by emergency medical services attending to 995 calls. Singapore Med J. Jan 2018;59(1):44-49. doi:10.11622/smedj.2017021

Chan PS, Krein SL, Tang F, et al. Resuscitation practices associated with survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide survey. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1(2):189-197.

Cheskes S, Schmicker RH, Rea T, et al. The association between AHA CPR quality guideline compliance and clinical outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. Jul 2017;116:39-45. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.05.003

Chong SL, Goh MSL, Ong GY, et al. Do paediatric early warning systems reduce mortality and critical deterioration events among children? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resusc Plus. 2022;11:100262. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100262

Chung SP, Nehme Z, Johnson NJ, Lagina A, Bray J. Effects of personal protective equipment on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and outcomes: a systematic review. Resusc Plus. Jun 2023;14:100398. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100398

Chung SP, Nehme Z, Lagina A, Johnson N, Bray J, Force. CPR by Rescuers Wearing PPE vs No PPE for Cardiac Arrest in Adults and Children Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet]. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). ICLOR.org. Updated January 8, 2023. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/cpr-by-rescuers-wearing-ppe-bls-tfsr

Claesson A, Lindqvist J, Herlitz J. Cardiac arrest due to drowning–changes over time and factors of importance for survival. Resuscitation. May 2014;85(5):644-8. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.02.006

Considine J, Gazmuri RJ, Perkins GD, et al. Chest compression components (rate, depth, chest wall recoil and leaning): a scoping review. Resuscitation. Jan 1 2020;146:188-202. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.08.042

Contri E, Cornara S, Somaschini A, et al. Complete chest recoil during laypersons’ CPR: is it a matter of weight? Am J Emerg Med. Sep 2017;35(9):1266-1268. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.03.060

Couper K, Abu Hassan A, Ohri V, et al. Removal of foreign body airway obstruction: a systematic review of interventions. Resuscitation. 2020;156:174-181.

Couper K, Taylor-Phillips S, Grove A, et al. COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: a systematic review. Resuscitation. 2020;151:59-66. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.04.022

DC Fire and EMS. Firefighter Down CPR Drill. Video. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfVT-eDTkRM&t=21s

Dee R, Smith M, Rajendran K, et al. The effect of alternative methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Cough CPR, percussion pacing or precordial thump on outcomes following cardiac arrest. A systematic review. Resuscitation. May 2021;162:73-81. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.01.027

de Vries W, Bierens JJ, Maas MW. Moderate sea states do not influence the application of an AED in rigid inflatable boats. Resuscitation. Aug 2006;70(2):247-253. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.01.008

Drennan IR, Geri G, Brooks S, et al. Diagnosis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by emergency medical dispatch: a diagnostic systematic review. Resuscitation. Feb 2021;159:85-96. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.11.025

Dunne C, Morgan P, Bierens J, et al.; International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Basic Life Support Task Force. CAB or ABC in drowning: Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations. ILCOR. Updated January 20, 2022. Accessed August 14, 2022. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/cab-or-abc-in-drowning-bls-856-tf-systematic-review

Dunne CL, Osman S, Viguers K, Queiroga AC, Szpilman D, Peden AE. Phase one of a global evaluation of suction-based airway clearance devices in foreign body airway obstructions: a retrospective descriptive analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Mar 24 2022;19(7). doi:10.3390/ijerph19073846

Dyson K, Brown SP, May S, et al. International variation in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a validation study of the Utstein template. Resuscitation. 2019;138:168-181. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.03.018

Dyson K, Morgans A, Bray J, Matthews B, Smith K. Drowning-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: characteristics and outcomes. Resuscitation.2013;84(8):1114-1118. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.020

Ebell MH, Vellinga A, Masterson S, Yun P. Meta-analysis of the accuracy of termination of resuscitation rules for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Emerg Med J. 2019;36(8):479-484.

Edelson DP, Litzinger B, Arora V, et al. Improving in-hospital cardiac arrest process and outcomes with performance debriefing. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(10):1063-1069.

Esibov A, Chapman FW, Melnick SB, Sullivan JL, Walcott GP. Minor variations in electrode pad placement impact defibrillation success. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2016;20(2):292-298. doi:10.3109/10903127.2015.1076095

Firefighters Support Foundation. Rapid Intervention Team CPR. Video. Firefighters Support Foundation. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijhlaVcCMfQ

Friedman J, Mann NC, Hansen H, et al. Racial/ethnic, social, and geographic trends in overdose-associated cardiac arrests observed by US emergency medical services during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry. Aug 1 2021;78(8):886-895. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0967

Fuest K, Dorfhuber F, Lorenz M, et al. Comparison of volume-controlled, pressure-controlled, and chest compression-induced ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with an automated mechanical chest compression device: a randomized clinical pilot study. Resuscitation. 2021;166:85-92. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.07.010

Fukuda T, Ohashi-Fukuda N, Hayashida K, Kondo Y, Kukita I. Bystander-initiated conventional vs compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to drowning. Resuscitation. Dec 2019;145:166-174. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.08.026

Gao Y, Sun T, Yuan D, et al. Safety of mechanical and manual chest compressions in cardiac arrest patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2021;169:124-135. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.028

Greif R, Bhanji F, Bigham BL, et al. Education, implementation, and teams: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2020;142(16 Suppl 1):s222-s283.

Griffis H, Wu L, Naim MY, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of AED use in pediatric cardiac arrest in public settings: the influence of neighborhood characteristics. Resuscitation. 2020;146:126-131. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.09.038

Grunau B, Kime N, Leroux B, et al. Association of intra-arrest transport vs continued on-scene resuscitation with survival to hospital discharge among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. 2020;324(11):1058-1067. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14185

Gugelmin-Almeida D, Tobase L, Polastri TF, Peres HHC, Timerman S. Do automated real-time feedback devices improve CPR quality? A systematic review of literature. Resusc Plus. Jun 2021;6:100108. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100108

Guinane J, Lee SM. Fatal acute aortic dissection after back blows and chest thrusts delivered for choking episode. Intern Med J. 2018;48(10):1272-1273.

Hallstrom A, Cobb L, Johnson E, Copass M. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by chest compression alone or with mouth-to-mouth ventilation. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(21):1546-1553.

Herbert MD. FD-CPR: 10-step Training. Video. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45qDPFj4IpI

Herbert MD. Introduction to FireFighter Down CPR. Video. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeNZnm_ayiA

Hickey RW, Cohen DM, Strausbaugh S, Dietrich AM. Pediatric patients requiring CPR in the prehospital setting. Ann Emerg Med. Apr 1995;25(4):495-501. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70265-2

Holgersen MG, Jensen TW, Breindahl N, et al. Pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Denmark. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. Nov 17 2022;30(1):58. doi:10.1186/s13049-022-01045-x

Holmberg MJ, Vognsen M, Andersen MS, Donnino MW, Andersen LW. Bystander automated external defibrillator use and clinical outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2017;120:77-87. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.09.003

Holt J, Ward A, Mohamed TY, et al. The optimal surface for delivery of CPR: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. Aug 2, 2020;155:159-164. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.07.020

Hoyt WJ, Jr., Fish FA, Kannankeril PJ. Automated external defibrillator use in a previously healthy 31-day-old infant with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. Nov 2019;30(11):2599-2602. doi:10.1111/jce.14125

Hubert H, Escutnaire J, Michelet P, et al. Can we identify termination of resuscitation criteria in cardiac arrest due to drowning: results from the French national out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016;22(6):924-931. doi:10.1111/jep.12562

Igarashi Y, Yokobori S, Yoshino Y, Masuno T, Miyauchi M, Yokota H. Prehospital removal improves neurological outcomes in elderly patient with foreign body airway obstruction. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(10):1396-1399.

International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. 2002 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Part 2: adult basic life support. Resuscitation. 2005;67(2-3):187-201. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.09.016

International Life Saving Federation. MPS 08: In-water resuscitation. ilsf.org. Updated November 27, 2018. Accessed August 15, 2021. https://www.ilsf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MPS-08-2015-In-water-resuscitation.pdf

Iwami T, Kitamura T, Kiyohara K, Kawamura T. Dissemination of chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2015;132(5):415-422.

Jacobs I, Sunde K, Deakin CD, et al. Part 6: Defibrillation: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. Oct 19 2010;122(16 Suppl 2):S325-S337. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.971010

Jagt EW. Improving pediatric survival from resuscitation events: the role and organization of hospital-based rapid response systems and code teams. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2013;9(2):158-174. doi:10.2174/1573396311309020009

Joanknecht L, Argent AC, van Dijk M, van As AB. Childhood drowning in South Africa: local data should inform prevention strategies. Pediatr Surg Int. Feb 2015;31(2):123-130. doi:10.1007/s00383-014-3637-0

Jost D, Degrange H, Verret C, et al. DEFI 2005: a randomized controlled trial of the effect of automated external defibrillator cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocol on outcome from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2010;121(14):1614-1622. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.878389

Kamikura T, Iwasaki H, Myojo Y, Sakagami S, Takei Y, Inaba H. Advantage of CPR-first over call-first actions for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in nonelderly patients and of noncardiac aetiology. Resuscitation. Nov 2015;96:37-45. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.06.027

Kellum MJ, Kennedy KW, Barney R, et al. Cardiocerebral resuscitation improves neurologically intact survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med. Sep 2008;52(3):244-252. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.02.006

Kellum MJ, Kennedy KW, Ewy GA. Cardiocerebral resuscitation improves survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Am J Med. 2006;119(4):335-340.

Khan SU, Lone AN, Talluri S, Khan MZ, Khan MU, Kaluski E. Efficacy and safety of mechanical versus manual compression in cardiac arrest—a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2018;130:182-188. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.05.005

Kieboom JK, Verkade HJ, Burgerhof JG, et al. Outcome after resuscitation beyond 30 minutes in drowned children with cardiac arrest and hypothermia: Dutch nationwide retrospective cohort study. Br Med J. Feb 10 2015;350:h418. doi:10.1136/bmj.h418

Kinoshita K, Azuhata T, Kawano D, Kawahara Y. Relationships between pre-hospital characteristics and outcome in victims of foreign body airway obstruction during meals. Resuscitation. 2015;88:63-67.

Kitamura T, Iwami T, Kawamura T, et al. Conventional and chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for children who have out-of- hospital cardiac arrests: a prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study. Lancet. 2010;375(9723):1347-1354. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60064-5

Kiyohara K, Nitta M, Sato Y, et al. Ten-year trends of public access defibrillation in Japanese school-aged patients having neurologically favorable survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Am J Cardiol. 2018;122(5):890-897. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.05.021

Ko HY, Park JE, Jeong DU, et al. Impact of personal protective equipment on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation in coronavirus pandemic. Medicina (Kaunas). Nov 24 2021;57(12):1291. doi:10.3390/medicina57121291

Kollander L, Folke F, Bray J, Force. Drone AEDs Task Force Synthesis of a Scoping Scoping Review [Internet]. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). ILCOR.org. Updated January 11, 2023. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/drone-aeds-bls-tf-scr

Kovacs A, Vadeboncoeur TF, Stolz U, et al. Chest compression release velocity: Association with survival and favorable neurologic outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2015;92:107-114. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.04.026

Lakomek F, Lukas RP, Brinkrolf P, et al. Real-time feedback improves chest compression quality in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2020;15(2):e0229431. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229431

Lambert V, Matthews A, MacDonell R, Fitzsimons J. Paediatric early warning systems for detecting and responding to clinical deterioration in children: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(3):e014497. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014497

Lee HS, You K, Jeon JP, Kim C, Kim S. The effect of video-instructed versus audio-instructed dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation on patient outcomes following out of hospital cardiac arrest in Seoul. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):15555. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95077-5

Lee S, Oh J, Kang H, et al. Proper target depth of an accelerometer-based feedback device during CPR performed on a hospital bed: a randomized simulation study. Am J Emerg Med. Oct 2015;33(10):1425-1429. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.07.010

Linderoth G, Rosenkrantz O, Lippert F, et al. Live video from bystanders’ smartphones to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2021;168:35-43. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.08.048

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