Afzali Rubin M, Svensson TL, Herling SF, Jabre P, Møller AM. Family presence during resuscitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. May 9 2023;5(5):Cd013619. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013619.pub2
American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council: CPR skill retention. American Red Cross. Updated June 2022. Accessed October 1, 2022. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/0V0000019lr6/WNVfckgXDBbuBT1XKL.OsD1BBHPiAzBceqvhJFS4d0s
American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. Education: Opioid education and Naloxone distribution position statement. American Red Cross. Updated June 2020. Accessed August 30, 2021. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/d0000000bxKz/a/3o000001FVvI/5yAIEHnKa5b4thNxOq2m1Sxyl6Wvx.owhR5D61QbRhw
American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. First Aid: First Aid Education in Primary and Secondary Schools. American Red Cross. June 2020. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000001EzcP/MfsbfV6adpAfHKuBAM_ixQPxAW3A1TcASdmHhVH8cp8
American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council. First Aid: Hemorrhage Control Trainer Requirements. American Red Cross. June 2020. https://arc-phss.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#d0000000bxKz/a/3o000000xbf8/jXor.TUjiiEanwE0R0LBCt.wJdeyPNvuapmN2oIVeEY
Ammirati C, Gagnayre R, Amsallem C, Némitz B, Gignon M. Are schoolteachers able to teach first aid to children younger than 6 years? A comparative study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(9):e005848.
Andreatta P, Saxton E, Thompson M, Annich G. Simulation-based mock codes significantly correlate with improved pediatric patient cardiopulmonary arrest survival rates. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011;12(1):33-38.
Banfai B, Pek E, Pandur A, Csonka H, Betlehem J. The year of first aid: effectiveness of a 3-day first aid programme for 7-14-year-old primary school children. Emerg Med J. 2017;34(8):526-532.
Berg KM, Soar J, Andersen LW, et al. Adult advanced life support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2020;142(16 Suppl 1):S92-S139.
Berglund E, Claesson A, Nordberg P, et al. A smartphone application for dispatch of lay responders to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Resuscitation. 2018;126:160-165.
Bollig G, Myklebust AG, Østringen K. Effects of first aid training in the kindergarten—a pilot study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2011;19:13.
Bollig G, Wahl HA, Svendsen MV. Primary school children are able to perform basic life-saving first aid measures. Resuscitation. 2009;80(6):689-692.
Bray J, Cartledge S, Doherty Z, et al. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Education, Implementation and Teams Task Force. Basic life support training for likely rescuers of adults and children at high risk of cardiac arrest: Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated March 4, 2022. Accessed August 14, 2022. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/bls-training-in-high-risk-groups
Bray JE, Eastwood K, Bhanji F, et al. Self-directed digitally-based basic life support (BLS) education and training in adults and children [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated April 19, 2021. Accessed August 15, 2021, 2021. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/self-directed-digital-bls-training-eit-647-tf-systematic-review
Caputo ML, Muschietti S, Burkart R, et al. Lay persons alerted by mobile application system initiate earlier cardio-pulmonary resuscitation: A comparison with SMS-based system notification. Resuscitation. 2017;114:73-78.
Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival. 2021 Annual Report. Accessed August 14, 2022. https://mycares.net/sitepages/uploads/2022/2021_flipbook/index.html?page=2
Cartledge S, Bray JE, Leary M, Stub D, Finn J. A systematic review of basic life support training targeted to family members of high-risk cardiacpatients. Resuscitation. 2016;105:70-78. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.04.028
Castillo J, Gomar C, Rodriguez E, Trapero M, Gallart A. Cost minimization analysis for basic life support. Resuscitation. 2019;134:127-132. doi:10.1016/j. resuscitation.2018.11.008
CDC. Drug Overdose Deaths. Updated March 19, 2020. Accessed September 20, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/statedeaths.html
Clarke S, Lyon RM, Short S, Crookston C, Clegg GR. A specialist, second-tier response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: setting up TOPCAT2. Emerg Med J. 2014;31(5):405-407.
Considine J, Eastwood K, Webster H, et al. Family presence during adult resuscitation from cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Resuscitation. Sep 7 2022;180:11-23. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.08.021
Cortegiani A, Russotto V, Montalto F, et al. Use of a real-time training software (Laerdal QCPR®) compared to instructor-based feedback for high-quality chest compressions acquisition in secondary school students: a randomized trial. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0169591.
Dainty KN, Atkins DL, Breckwoldt J, et al. Family presence during resuscitation in paediatric and neonatal cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Resuscitation. May 2021;162:20-34. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.01.017
Doyon S, Benton C, Anderson BA, et al. Incorporation of poison center services in a state-wide overdose education and naloxone distributionprogram. 2016;35(4):301-306.
Dyer L, Llerena L, Brannick M, Lunde JR, Whitaker F. Advanced trauma life support course delivery: comparison of outcomes from modifications during COVID-19. Cureus. 2021;13(8):e16811. doi:10.7759/cureus.16811
Eastwood KJ, Considine J, Zelop C, et al. Family Presence During Adult Resuscitation: A Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet]. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). ILCOR.org. Updated December 5, 2022. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/effect-of-family-presence-during-resuscitation-in-adult-cardiac-arrest-on-patient-family-and-health-care-provider-outcomes-eit-tfsr
Elgohary M, Palazzo FS, Breckwoldt J, et al. Blended learning for accredited life support courses—a systematic review. Resusc Plus. 2022;10:100240. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100240
Finn JC, Bhanji F, Lockey A, et al. Part 8: Education, implementation, and teams: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation. 2015;95:e203-e224. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.046
Goolsby C, Strauss-Riggs K, Rozenfeld M, et al. Equipping public spaces to facilitate rapid point-of-injury hemorrhage control after mass casualty. Am J Public Health. 2019;109(2):236-241.
Greif R, Bhanji F, Bigham BL, et al. Education, implementation, and teams: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation. 2020;142(16 Suppl 1):S222-S283. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000896
Griffin P, Cooper C, Glick J, Terndrup TE. Immediate and 1-year chest compression quality: effect of instantaneous feedback in simulated cardiacarrest. Simul Healthc. 2014;9(4):264-269.
Harrison TK, Manser T, Howard SK, Gaba DM. Use of cognitive aids in a simulated anesthetic crisis. Anesth Analg. 2006;103(3):551-556.
Irvine MA, Buxton JA, Otterstatter M, et al. Distribution of take-home opioid antagonist kits during a synthetic opioid epidemic in British Columbia, Canada: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2018;3(5):e218-e225.
Irvine MA, Kuo M, Buxton JA, et al. Modelling the combined impact of interventions in averting deaths during a synthetic-opioid overdose epidemic. Addiction. 2019;114(9):1602-1613.
Katipoglu B, Madziala MA, Evrin T, et al. How should we teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Randomized multi-center study. Cardiol J.2021;28(3):439-445.
Kragh JF, Jr., Newton NJ, Tan AR, Aden JK 3rd, Dubick MA. New and established models of limb tourniquet compared in simulated first aid. J SpecOper Med. 2018;18(2):36-41.
Lauridsen KG, Djärv T, Breckwoldt J, Tjissen JA, Couper K, Greif R. Pre-arrest prediction of survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy studies. Resuscitation. 2022;179:141-151. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.07.041
Lauridsen KG, Djärv T, Couper K, et al. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Advanced Life Support Task Force. Pre-arrest prediction of survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest: Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated March 4, 2022. Accessed August 14, 2022. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/pre-arrest-prediction-of-survival-following-in-hospital-cardiac-arrest
LeBlanc VR. The effects of acute stress on performance: implications for health professions education. Acad Med. 2009;84(10 Suppl):S25-S33.
Lee SY, Shin SD, Lee YJ, et al. Text message alert system and resuscitation outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a before-and-after population-based study. Resuscitation. 2019;138:198-207.
Leonard M, Graham S, Bonacum D. The human factor: the critical importance of effective teamwork and communication in providing safe care. QualSaf Health Care. 2004;13(Suppl 1):i85-i90.
Lockey A, Breckwoldt J, Cheng A, et al. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Education, Implementation and Teams Task Force. Blended learning approach for life support education: Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated March 4, 2022. Accessed August 14, 2022. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/blended-learning-approach-for-life-support-education
Lockey A, Lin Y, Cheng A. Impact of adult advanced cardiac life support course participation on patient outcomes—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2018;129:48-54. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.05.034
Lockey A, Patocka C, Lauridsen K, Finn J, Greif R. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Education, Implementation and Teams Task Force. Are cardiac arrest patient outcomes improved as a result of a member of the resuscitation team attending an accredited advanced life support course: Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations [Internet] ILCOR.org. Updated April 19, 2022. Accessed August 14, 2022. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/patient-outcomes-as-a-result-of-a-member-of-the-resuscitation-team-attending-an-als-course-tfsr-costr
McCarty JC, Hashmi ZG, Herrera-Escobar JP, et al. Effectiveness of the American College of Surgeons bleeding control basic training among laypeople applying different tourniquet types: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2019;154(10):923-929.
Mduma E, Ersdal H, Svensen E, Kidanto H, Auestad B, Perlman J. Frequent brief on-site simulation training and reduction in 24-h neonatal mortality―an educational intervention study. Resuscitation. 2015;93:1-7.
Naumann RB, Durrance CP, Ranapurwala SI, et al. Impact of a community-based naloxone distribution program on opioid overdose death rates. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;204:107536.
Neily J, Mills PD, Young-Xu Y, et al. Association between implementation of a medical team training program and surgical mortality. JAMA. 2010;304(15):1693-1700.
NSC. Accidental Deaths Hit Highest Number in Recorded U.S. History. NSC.org. Published 2018. Accessed September 20, 2020. https://www.nsc.org/in-the-newsroom/nsc-statement-on-new-cdc-data-showing-a-rise-in-accidental-death
Pareek M, Parmar V, Badheka J, Lodh N. Study of the impact of training of registered nurses in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a tertiary care centre on patient mortality. Indian J Anaesth. 2018;62(5):381-384. doi:10.4103/ija.IJA_17_18
Patel A, Khatib MN, Kurhe K, Bhargava S, Bang A. Impact of neonatal resuscitation trainings on neonatal and perinatal mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2017;1(1):e000183. doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000183
Pellegrino JL, Krob JL, Orkin A. First Aid Education for Opioid Overdose Poisoning: Scoping Review. Cureus. Jan 3 2021;13(1):e12454. doi:10.7759/cureus.12454
Pijls RW, Nelemans PJ, Rahel BM, Gorgels AP. Factors modifying performance of a novel citizen text message alert system in improving survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2018;7(5):397-404.
Ringh M, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, et al. Mobile-phone dispatch of laypersons for CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(24):2316-2325.
Smereka J, Szarpak L, Czekajlo M, et al. The TrueCPR device in the process of teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized simulationtrial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(27):e15995.
Stanton NA, Salmon PM, Walker GH, Salas E, Hancock PA. State-of-science: situation awareness in individuals, teams and systems. Ergonomics. 2017;60(4):449-466.
Stroop R, Kerner T, Strickmann B, Hensel M. Mobile phone-based alerting of CPR-trained volunteers simultaneously with the ambulance can reduce the resuscitation-free interval and improve outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a German, population-based cohort study. Resuscitation. 2020;147:57-64.
Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2022 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145(8):e153-e639. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001052.
Uray T, Lunzer A, Ochsenhofer A, et al. Feasibility of life-supporting first-aid (LSFA) training as a mandatory subject in primary schools. Resuscitation. 2003;59(2):211-220.
Versantvoort JMD, Kleinhout MY, Ockhuijsen HDL, Bloemenkamp K, de Vries WB, van den Hoogen A. Helping Babies Breathe and its effects on intrapartum-related stillbirths and neonatal mortality in low-resource settings: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child. 2020;105(2):127-133. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-316319
Wagner KD, Valente TW, Casanova M, et al. Evaluation of an overdose prevention and response training programme for injection drug users in the Skid Row area of Los Angeles, CA. Int J Drug Policy. 2010;21(3):186-193.
Walley AY, Xuan Z, Hackman HH, et al. Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f174.
Wyckoff MH, Greif R, Morley PT, et al. 2022 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces. Circulation. Nov 3 2022;doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001095
Wyckoff MH, Singletary EM, Soar J, et al. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces. Resuscitation. Nov 5 2021;doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.040
Wyckoff MH, Singletary EM, Soar J, et al. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group. Circulation. Mar 2022;145(9):e645-e721. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001017
Yeung J, Djarv T, Hsieh MJ, et al. Spaced learning versus massed learning in resuscitation—a systematic review. Resuscitation. 2020;156:61-71.
Zhou XL, Wang J, Jin XQ, Zhao Y, Liu RL, Jiang C. Quality retention of chest compression after repetitive practices with or without feedback devices: a randomized manikin study. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(1):73-78.
Zijlstra JA, Stieglis R, Riedijk F, Smeekes M, van der Worp WE, Koster RW. Local lay rescuers with AEDs, alerted by text messages, contribute to early defibrillation in a Dutch out-of-hospital cardiac arrest dispatch system. Resuscitation. 2014;85(11):1444-1449.
Zwislewski A, Nanassy AD, Meyer LK, et al. Practice makes perfect: the impact of Stop the Bleed training on hemorrhage control knowledge, wound packing, and tourniquet application in the workplace. Injury. 2019;50(4):864-868.